The Cannabis Plant - Structure, Species & Life Cycle

The cannabis plant is one of the most fascinating and versatile cultivated plants in the world. It is used for medicinal, industrial, and recreational purposes - depending on the species, genetics, and active ingredient content. Anyone interested in cultivating cannabis or purchasing cannabis seeds should understand the basics of this plant.

What is cannabis?

Cannabis is a genus of plants in the hemp family. It is known worldwide for its psychoactive compounds such as THC (tetrahydrocannabinol) and medicinal cannabinoids such as CBD. The plant is used as a narcotic (marijuana), a medicinal plant, and a crop (hemp). In cannabis cultivation, a distinction is made between three main types: Cannabis Sativa, Cannabis Indica, and Cannabis Ruderalis.

Structure of the Cannabis Plant

The cannabis plant consists of several characteristic plant parts: roots, stems, fan leaves, nodes, internodes, side shoots, and, of course, the inflorescences (colas). The trichomes—small resin glands on the flowers—are particularly important because they contain the highest concentration of THC, CBD, and terpenes. The female plant produces the coveted flowers, while male plants are primarily used for breeding.

• Root system: Supplies the plant with water and nutrients
• Main stem: Supports weight and distributes energy
• Branches: Bear the leaves and flowers
• Fan leaves: Typical feature, important for photosynthesis
• Flowers (Buds): Site of cannabinoid and terpene production

Difference: Cannabis, Hemp & Marijuana

In everyday life, the terms "cannabis," "hemp," and "marijuana" are often used synonymously, but there are important differences:
"Cannabis" is the botanical umbrella term.
"Hemp" usually refers to low-THC varieties (<0.3% THC) that are used industrially (e.g., for textiles, building materials, or food).
"Marijuana" On the other hand, it describes the dried, THC-rich flowers of the female cannabis plant, which are consumed as an intoxicant.

Life Cycle of the Cannabis Plant

The cycle of a cannabis plant is divided into four phases:

• Germination: A small shoot develops from the seed (2-7 days)
• Vegetative Phase: Growth of leaves and structure (2-6 weeks)
• Flowering Phase: Formation of flowers and resin (6-10 weeks)
• Harvest & Curing: Drying, maturation, and refinement

Depending on the strain and conditions, the entire cycle usually lasts 10–16 weeks. Autoflowering plants go through this process automatically, while photoperiod strains are controlled by light cycles.

Male, Female & Hermaphrodite

Female cannabis plants produce resin-rich flowers with high THC content— They are particularly in demand for consumption and cultivation.
Male plants produce pollen and are necessary for breeding, as they do not produce smokable buds.
Hermaphroditic plants develop both male and female sexual characteristics, which can occur under stress and often leads to unwanted self-pollination.

Indica vs. Sativa - Understanding the Differences

Indica plants are compact, grow faster, and have a relaxing effect. Sativa plants grow larger, take longer, but have an invigorating effect. Hybrid strains combine characteristics of both types. The distinction is important for cultivation and effect.

Types of Cannabis Seeds

• Regular seeds: Contain male and female plants – ideal for breeding.
• Feminized: Produce almost exclusively female plants – perfect for flowering.
• Autoflowering: Flower automatically after a few weeks. independent of light

The right choice depends on the growing goal, space, time, and experience.

On adonhusa.de you will find all three types – carefully selected for the highest quality.

Colors of Marijuana

The flowers of the cannabis plant can appear green, purple, orange, or even reddish – depending on genetics, temperature, nutrients, and light. These colors are created by natural pigments such as anthocyanins and are not only beautiful but also influence aroma and flavor. Effect.

Nodes & Internodes

A node is the point where leaves or branches grow from the main stem. The distance between two nodes is called an internode. Short internodes mean compact plants, while long internodes indicate sativa-biased genetics or a lack of light. Understanding this structure helps with training methods and strain selection.